[ Shopping and imaginative art (From the walls of Brussels) . Photos of Marzia Poerio]
title of the original THE ART OF LIFE (2008). Translated by M. Cupellaro, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2009
Happiness is understood here as momento fondante della modernità, già nell’illuminismo intesa come “diritto universale dell’uomo” (p. 5).
Mentre in anni recenti le società prospere dell’Occidente sono diventate sempre più ricche, “non è affatto chiaro se con ciò diventino più felici” (p. 3). I parametri utilizzati nelle inchieste ufficiali sembrano suggerire che la felicità debba essere collegata alla crescita materiale; nondimeno, nota Bauman, ciò che fornisce felicità autenticamente non è reperibile sul mercato, bensì nelle emozioni, nella dimensione comunitaria e nell’autorealizzazione: amore, amicizia, cura per gli altri, autostima, operosità. Di ciò il volume riscontra ampie conferme nella storia culturale, in parte citando i filosofi classici dell’etica come Seneca, in parte contrapponendo in negative il superomismo nietzschiano. Da queste premesse Bauman procede ribadendo vari temi del suo pensiero.
L’identità, osserva, è divenuta un attributo provvisorio, soggetta a una “trasformazione permanente” (p. 94); eccede dunque dalla costruzione progressiva della personalità per aggregazione, ovvero dal “progetto di vita” formulato a partire dalla gioventù, che in parte autobiograficamente il sociologo polacco ascrive, rispetto alla sua generazione, all’influsso di Sartre e che oggi non avrebbe senso in una compagine social fragmentation in which personal aspirations are changed with the changing phases of life and lead to some uncertainty almost by definition is opposed to the enjoyment of happiness if one assumes that it is based on a fully stable. If the ratio of individuals in the past with the past was important to live the present as well, according to Bauman for the new young only the present exists "(p. 67).
This is a "new ideology [...] Conservative [...] in the sense that by Mannheim are ideologies (the opposite of utopias). It raises insurmountable laws of the universe to the everyday experiences of the world where you live at that time and only rises to point of view it is possible to define the state of the universe the perspective of the individual-to-order "(p. 117).
The model of consumption based on an unsatisfied desire and a tendency to acquire more and better in the future as well as disposable as it is enjoyed himself also inform the decisions of life and interpersonal behavior. Bauman's conclusion on this point is a rhetorical question: "I leave to readers to decide whether the coercion to seek happiness in the form practiced in our liquid-modern society of consumers who make you happy is forced" (p. 65).
One of the contemporary unhappiness is the different hierarchy from the other, with the paradox that, in our society, "everyone has the right to consider themselves equal to anyone else, but in fact is not capable of being," it follows from this that "the vulnerability is (at least potentially) universal "(p. 34), and create division among the privatized individuals are opposed to each other, with which" exacerbates conflict "(p 118).
missing "points of reference solid and reliable" and "guides ddi trust worthy" (p. 111), which were replaced by the reference model proposed by media.
Selfishness altruism prevails, yet the individual is open to the outside.
[Roberto Bertoni]
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